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Vesicoureteral reflux and Deflux clinical articles
These published clinical articles are neither owned nor controlled by Palette Life Sciences. Palette Life Sciences is not responsible for the content within the articles. Deflux is indicated for children with VUR grades II-IV. Please see complete Prescribing Information for DEFLUX here.
Deflux articles
Long-Term Clinical Outcomes and Parental Satisfaction After Dextranomer/Hyaluronic Acid (Dx/HA) Injection for Primary Vesicoureteral Reflux
Lightfoot M, Bilgutay AN, Tollin N et al.
Frontiers in Pediatrics, Sept 2019
Frontiers in Pediatrics, Sept 2019
Endoscopic injection with Dx/HA for primary VUR appears to have good long-term clinical success rates and high parental satisfaction, mirroring our previously reported short-term results. Post-operative ureteral obstruction is rare but may occur years post-operatively, justifying initial sonographic surveillance, and repeat imaging in symptomatic patients.
Intermediate to Long-Term Follow-Up Indicated Low Risk of Recurrence After Double HIT Endoscopic Treatment for Primary Vesicoureteral Reflux
Kalisvaart JF, Scherz HC, Cuda S, et al.
Journal of Pediatric Urology, 2012
Journal of Pediatric Urology, 2012
The Double HIT technique for injection of Dx/HA, involving relatively high volume injections for the treatment of VUR, leads to a durable clinical and radiographic long-term success rate (93%). Due to this technique, more favorable outcomes were achieved with fewer recurrences than noted in previous studies. In this delayed VCUG protocol, our favorable results question the need for VCUG in the follow-up of asymptomatic patients. However, until our findings can be confirmed it would be prudent for surgeons to know their own longer-term success rates and base radiographic follow-up accordingly.
Non-animal Hyaluronic Acid/Dextranomer Gel (Deflux) Endoscopic Treatment in Grade IV VUR Results After 15-25 years; Durable and Effective
Stenback A, Olafsdottir T, Skoldenberg E, et al.
Section of Urology, University Children's Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, 2019
Section of Urology, University Children's Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, 2019
- Treatment with Deflux was shown to be durable and effective during a follow-up period of 15-25 years
- Three-quarters of patients did not need ureteral reimplantation
- Optimal placement and higher injection volumes were associated with a trend towards improved success.
- There was a low risk of late clinical recurrence (UTI, persistent VUR, or need for open surgery)
- Endoscopic injection of Deflux is a viable option for patients with grade IV VUR, including those with double ureters.
Endoscopic Treatment of Vesicoureteral Reflux
Lackgren G, Kirsch A
BJU International, 2010
BJU International, 2010
Based on today’s knowledge, endoscopic treatment may be considered as first line therapy for most children with persistent high grade (III-V) reflux. Those with grade II-V with scarred kidneys or ureteral anomalies such as double ureters, are all candidates for early endoscopic treatment as the likelihood for spontaneous resolution is very small in these patients. Open surgery may be reserved for use only in the 5-10% of patients not responding to endoscopic treatment, and in patients with severe ureteral anomalies. With the improvement of the injection techniques described in this chapter, the results of endoscopic treatment can be expected to improve significantly.
Incidence of Urinary Tract Infections in Children After Successful Ureteral Reimplantation Versus Endoscopic Dextranomer/Hyaluronic Acid Implantation
Elmore JM, Kirsch AJ, Heiss EA, et al.
Journal of Urology, 2008
Journal of Urology, 2008
This study suggests that children cured of VUR with Dx/HA implantation fare better postoperatively in terms of the number and severity of UTIs compared to patients cured with open surgery. Therefore, endoscopic injection for VUR may represent a better treatment option when clinical out-come is measured. Despite the limitations of this series, further investigation by way of a prospective study seems warranted.
Long-Term Incidence of Urinary Tract Infection After Ureteral Reimplantation for Primary Vesicoureteral Reflux
Nelson CP, Hubert KC, Kokorowski PJ, et al.
Journal of Pediatric Urology, 2013
Journal of Pediatric Urology, 2013
Although some children experience UTI after UR, the incidence of postoperative clinical pyelonephritis is very low, even on very long-term follow-up. Given that most of these patients initially present with pyelonephritis, these findings support the contention that UR is effective in reducing the incidence of pyelonephritis in this population.
VUR Related articles
Management and Screening of Primary Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children: AUA Guideline
Peters CA, Skoog SJ, et al.
American Urological Association Education and Research 2010, Validated 2017
American Urological Association Education and Research 2010, Validated 2017
It is becoming increasingly evident that identification of a child's individual risk factors should be taken into consideration when managing VUR. In recognizing that BBD is a major factor in UTI occurrence, reflux persistence and surgical outcomes, clinical management of BBD is a priority. Similarly, we can be more comfortable with a less intensive intervention in the child with a low risk of renal injury, i.e., those with no prior infections, healthy kidneys, normal voiding and a low-grade of VUR.
Urinary Tract Infection: Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of the Initial UTI in Febrile Infants and Children 2 to 24 Months
AAP Subcommittee on Urinary Tract Infection, Steering Committee on Quality Improvement and Management
Pediatrics, 2011
Pediatrics, 2011
The committee formulated 7 key action statements for the diagnosis and treatment of infants and young children 2 to 24 months of age with UTI and unexplained fever. Strategies for diagnosis and treatment depend on whether the clinician determines that antimicrobial therapy is warranted immediately or can be delayed safely until urine culture and urinalysis results are available.
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis for Children with Vesicoureteral Reflux
The RIVUR Trial Investigators
New England Journal of Medicine, 2014
New England Journal of Medicine, 2014
Among children with vesicoureteral reflux after urinary tract infection, antimicrobial prophylaxis was associated with a substantially reduced risk of recurrence but not of renal scarring.
National Trends in the Management of Primary Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children
Garcia-Roig M, Travers C, McCracken CE, et al.
Journal of Urology, 2018
Journal of Urology, 2018
The number of voiding cystourethrograms ordered nationally in all children and those with a urinary tract infection decreased sharply with the 2011 AAP urinary tract infection guideline release and did not change thereafter. A steady decline in procedures for primary vesicoureteral reflux occurred after October 2011.
Association of Renal Scarring with Number of Febrile Urinary Tract Infections in Children
Shaikh N, Haralam MA, Kurs-Lasky M, et al.
JAMA Pediatrics, 2019
JAMA Pediatrics, 2019
Although the proportion of children with UTIs who have febrile recurrences is relatively small, the risk of renal scarring for those who do is substantially higher. This finding suggests that research should focus on the identification of biomarkers that could noninvasively identify children at risk for subsequent febrile infections. More research is also needed to understand the molecular basis of the increased risk of renal scarring in children with recurrent febrile UTIs.
Uropathogen Resistance and Antibiotic Prophylaxis: A Meta-analysis
Selekman RE, Shapiro DJ, Boscardin J, et al.
Pediatrics, 2018
Pediatrics, 2018
Continuous antibiotic prophylaxis increases the risk of acquired multidrug resistance among recurrent UTIs. One multidrug-resistant recurrent UTI would develop for every 21 VUR patients treated with prophylaxis. These results have important implications in the selection of empirical treatment of breakthrough UTIs in continuous antibiotic prophylaxis patients and in the risk-benefit assessment of continuous antibiotic prophylaxis as a management option for prevention of recurrent UTIs. Additional study of other commonly used antimicrobial prophylactic agents and further investigation of risk factors related to the development of uropathogen resistance are necessary.
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